Musical encounters on the borderline Patterns of mutuality in musical improvisations with Borderline Personality Disorder

•The study examined a series of musical improvisations created between a music therapist and people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).•The results identified a continuum of challenges in intersubjective relatedness in musical improvisations with people who have BPD.•This will help music therapists to be better prepared musically when working with clients with BPD.