Effects of dietary zinc sources and levels on growth performance, tissue zinc retention and antioxidant response of juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed diets containing phytic acid

Plant protein-based diets are widely used for common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). The plant source antagonist, such as phytate, negatively affects the bioavailability of trace minerals, but this aspect was not considered in previous studies on this species. A 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of inorganic Zinc (ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O, Zn-S) and organic Zn (2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic Zinc, Zn-M) on growth performance, Zn retention and antioxidant responses of common carp (initial weight 10.0 +/- 0.03 g). Eleven semi-purified diets containing 7 mg/kg phytic acid were prepared with 0, 5, 20, 35, 50 and 65 mg/kg Zn from Zn-S and Zn-M (12.8 mg/kg Zn in basal level), respectively. The results showed that either Zn-S or Zn-M inclusion improved growth performance, vertebral Zn deposition and antioxidant responses of fish. The Zn requirement based on WGR, vertebrae Zn and plasma SOD were 47.0, >77.8 and 48.5 mg/kg, and 63.3, 42.2 and 36.8 mg/kg, respectively, with Zn-S and Zn-M as Zn sources. The relative bioavailability of Zn-M was 2.44- (vertebrae Zn deposition) and 1.74-fold (plasma SOD activity) the availability of Zn-S in the diet of common carp. The lower growth performance and poor bioavailability in vertebrae of Zn-S group were related to the chelating of zinc with phytic acid.