The comorbidity of headaches in pediatric epilepsy patients: How common and what types?

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in pediatric epileptic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed over 6 months period from January 2018 to June 2018 at King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using a structured questionnaire in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Results: There were 142 patients enrolled (males, 57.7%; average age, 10.7 +/- 3.1 years) with idiopathic epilepsy (n=115, 81%) or symptomatic epilepsy (n=27, 19%). Additionally, patients had focal epilepsy (n=102, 72%) or generalized epilepsy (n=40, 28%), and among them, 11 had absence epilepsy. Overall, 65 (45.7%) patients had headaches compared with 3/153 (2%) in the control group (p<0.0001). Among the 65 patients with headaches, 29 (44.6%) had migraine-type, 12 (18.4%) had tension-type, and 24 (36.9%) had unclassified headache. There was no significant difference in age, gender, type of epilepsy syndrome, and antiepileptic used except in patients with or without headache. For migraine patients, there was a lower headache prevalence in the subgroup treated with valproic acid compared with other treatments. Conclusion: Headache, predominantly migraine, is a common problem in pediatric epileptic patients and choosing valproic acid when possible can be important in preventing migraine in these patients.