Discovery of Novel Dual Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors as A Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy.

Concomitant inhibition of PARP and PI3K pathways has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer therapy, which may expand the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors. Herein, we report the discovery of dual PARP/PI3K inhibitors that merge the pharmacophores of PARP and PI3K inhibitors. Among them, compound 15 stands out as the most promising candidate with potent inhibitory activities against both PARP-1/2 and PI3K alpha/delta with pIC(50) values greater than 8. Compound 15 displayed superior antiproliferative profiles against both BRCA-deficient and BRCA-proficient cancer cells in cellular assays. The prominent synergistic effects produced by the concomitant inhibition of the two targets were elucidated by comprehensive biochemical and cellular mechanistic studies. In vivo, 15 showed more efficacious antitumor activity than the corresponding drug combination (Olaparib + BKM120) in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft model with a tumor growth inhibitory rate of 73.4% without causing observable toxic effects. All of the results indicate that 15, a first potent dual PARP/PI3K inhibitor, is a highly effective anticancer compound.