Reconstructed transparent conductive layers of fluorine doped tin oxide for greatly weakened hysteresis and improved efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

Reconstructed transparent conductive films of fluorine doped tin oxide on glass substrates synthesized by electrochemical reduction followed by thermal oxidation were demonstrated to be effective in collecting photogenerated electrons in planar perovskite solar cells. Compared to the cells fabricated with the pristine film, the cell based on the reconstructed film shows an improved power conversion efficiency under forward scan from 9% to 15.1% and greatly weakened hysteresis behavior.