Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation and metabolism disturbance induced by bisphenol A and its replacement analog bisphenol S using in vitro macrophages and in vivo mouse models.

•Both BPA and BPS significantly activated PPARγ in human macrophages.•BPA and BPS induced the expression of PPARγ and target genes in human macrophages.•BPA and BPS exposure induced the expression of PPARγ target genes in mouse liver.•Subchronic BPA and BPS exposure disturbed the metabolism in mouse liver tissues.