Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an aggressive, demyelinating and fatal brain infection caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV). Mostly immunocompromised individuals having acquired immune deficiency syndrome or hematological malignancies are affected. Multiple myeloma (MM) and its treatments including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) can predispose patients to PML. Neurological changes and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with the evidence of JCV in the brain establish PML diagnosis. In this case report we present a 69-year-old man with MM who developed PML during treatment with IMiDs.