Quantitative Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the established reference standard method for the assessment of cardiac function and non-invasive evaluation of myocardial tissue in a variety of clinical questions, wherein quantification of cardiac parameters gains growing diagnostic and differential-diagnostic importance. This review aims to summarize established and newly emerging quantitative parameters, which are assessed in routine cardiac MRI. Interrelations and interdependencies between metrics are explained, and common factors affecting quantitative results are discussed. Method The review is based on a PubMed literature research using the search terms "cardiac magnetic resonance" and "quantification", "recommendations", "quantitative evaluation/assessment", "reference method", "reference/normal values", "pitfalls" or "artifacts" published between 2000-2019. Results and Conclusion Quantitative functional, phase contrast, and perfusion imaging, as well as relaxation time mapping techniques give opportunity for assessment of a large number of quantitative cardiac MRI parameters in clinical routine. Application of these techniques allows for characterization of function, morphology and perfusion of the heart beyond visual analysis of images, either in primary evaluation and comparison to normal values or in patients' follow-up and treatment monitoring. However, with implementation of quantitative parameters in clinical routine, standardization is of particular importance as different acquisition and evaluation strategies and algorithms may substantially influence results, though not always immediately apparent.