Business Process Variant Analysis: Survey and Classification

Abstract It is common for business processes to exhibit a high degree of internal heterogeneity, in the sense that the executions of the process differ widely from each other due to contextual factors, human factors, or deliberate business decisions. For example, a quote-to-cash process in a multinational company is typically executed differently across different countries or even across different regions in the same country. Similarly, an insurance claims handling process might be executed differently across different claims handling centres or across multiple teams within the same claims handling centre. A subset of executions of a business process that can be distinguished from others based on a given predicate (e.g. the executions of a process in a given country) is called a process variant. Understanding differences between process variants helps analysts and managers to make informed decisions as to how to standardize or otherwise improve a business process, for example by helping them find out what makes it that a given variant exhibits a higher performance than another one. Process variant analysis is a family of techniques to analyze event logs produced during the execution of a process, in order to identify and explain the differences between two or more process variants. A wide range of methods for process variant analysis have been proposed in the past decade. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of this field, the proposed methods and the types of differences they can identify vary widely, and there is a lack of a unifying view of the field. To close this gap, this article presents a systematic literature review of methods for process variant analysis. The identified studies are classified according to their inputs, outputs, analysis purpose, underpinning algorithms, and extra-functional characteristics. The paper closes with a broad classification of approaches into three categories based on the paradigm they employ to compare multiple process variants.