Aqueous humour cytokine changes during a loading phase of intravitreal ranibizumab or dexamethasone implant in diabetic macular oedema.

The dexamethasone implant affected the aqueous cytokines and proteins MCP-1, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and MIG, whereas ranibizumab treatments reduced VEGF and PIGF levels. Morphological changes may diverge from cytokine changes. Results may indicate a rationale for a combination therapy for CSME using both agents, the dexamethasone implant and repeatedly administered ranibizumab injections.