Neonatal anoxia impairs long-term energy metabolism and somatic development of Wistar rats

•Oxygen deprivation in neonates decreases body weight of adult rats.•Neonatal anoxia impairs long-term energy metabolism differently according to sex.•Hormonal levels in adolescent and adult animals are affected by neonatal anoxia.•Neonatal anoxia decreases Fos-IR in the ARC of male rats.•Besides the brain, neonatal anoxia may also affect peripheral tissues function.