Nationwide In-Hospital Mortality Following Major Fractures among Hemodialysis Patients and the General Population: An Observational Cohort Study.

•This nationwide study investigated overall and site-specific mortality after fractures in hemodialysis patients and the general population.•ESKD patients on hemodialysis experienced a 4.8-fold higher mortality rate after overall fractures than the general population.•Mortality after upper arm fracture was markedly high in hemodialysis patients, oppositely to the lower risk in the general population.•Upper arm fracture was specifically associated with risk of vascular access failure in hemodialysis patients.•There is a need for clinical awareness of upper arm fracture as a fatal fracture in ESKD patients on hemodialysis.