Probiotic Extracts Ameliorate Nasal Allergy By Inducing Interleukin-35-Producing Dendritic Cells In Mice

Background The therapeutic efficacy of allergic rhinitis (AR) needs to be improved. Probiotics have immunoregulatory functions. In this study we evaluated the effects of protein extracts of probiotics in the amelioration of AR. Methods Extracts of Bifidobacterium infantis (EBI) were prepared by lysing the live probiotics. AR mice were developed to be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of EBI. Results The results show that EBI induced interleukin (IL)-10-producing dendritic cells (DCs) via increasing IL-35 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. IL-10-expressing DCs induced IL-10-producing B cells (B10 cells), with the latter showing immunosuppressive functions. After challenge with specific antigens, AR mice showed sneezing, nasal itch, and increases in serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mouse mast cell protease-1; higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, 67.17 +/- 10.66; IL-5, 62.83 +/- 9.70; IL-13, 51.00 +/- 6.69, before treatment) in nasal mucosal protein extracts, which were significantly suppressed (IL-4, 27.00 +/- 6.66; IL-5, 23.86 +/- 4.53; IL-13, 25.67 +/- 4.93, after treatment (p < 0.001) by administration with EBI nasal drops. Conclusion EBI can suppress AR via inducing B10 cells. Thus, after carrying out required preclinical experiments and tests, EBI has the translational potential to be used in the treatment of AR and other allergic diseases.