Pregnancy Favors Circulating Il-21-Secreting T-Fh-Like Cell Recovery In Arv-Treated Hiv-1-Infected Women

Problem Pregnancy appears to favor maternal antibody production. In contrast, by damaging follicular helper T cells (T-FH), HIV-1 infection compromises protective humoural immune response. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of different T-FH-like cells in HIV-infected pregnant women (PW) before and after antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method of study Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4(+) T and B cells, were obtained from asymptomatic HIV-1-infected non-PW and PW just before and after ARV therapy. In some experiments, healthy HIV-1-negative PW were also tested. The frequency of different T-FH-like cell subsets was determined by flow cytometry. The plasma titers of IgG anti-tetanus toxoid (TT), anti-HBsAg, and anti-gp41 were determined by ELISA. The in vitro production of total IgG, IL-21, and hormones (estrogen and progesterone) was quantified also by ELISA. Results Our results demonstrate that antiretroviral (ARV) therapy was more efficient in elevating the percentage of circulating IL-21-secreting T-FH cells in HIV-1-infected pregnant women (PW) than in non-pregnant patients (nPW). Moreover, in co-culture systems, CD4(+) T cells from ART-treated PW were more efficient in assisting B cells to produce IgG production. The in vivo anti-HBsAg IgG titers after ARV therapy were also significantly higher in PW, and their levels were directly associated with both IL-21(+)T(FH) frequency and plasma concentration of estrogen. Conclusion In summary, our results suggest that pregnancy favors the recovery of T-FH-like cells after ARV therapy in HIV-1-infected women, which could help these mothers to protect their newborns from infectious diseases by transferring IgG across the placenta.