Analysis of Ground Effect for Small-Scale UAVs in Forward Flight.

The letter investigates how the behavior of small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is influenced by the system's close proximity to the ground/rigid surfaces both at hover and in forward flight. We perform an extensive experimental study where a quadrotor is tasked with flying in forward velocities in the range of 0–8 m/s and at altitudes that range between 0.05–0.5 m. Experimental data are u...