Additive Manufacturing Of Magnetic Materials

Techniques that use the layer-by-layer manufacturing concept have triggered novel research topics related to the processing of functional magnetic materials (FMMs). In this article, we focus on four FMM classes due to their technical relevance for energy conversion, harvesting, transmission, and sensing/actuation. Permanent magnets, soft magnetic materials, magnetocaloric compounds, and magnetic shape memory alloys are reviewed in terms of functionality and performance limits. Relationships among printing techniques and/or conditions, microstructure and performance are highlighted. Additively manufactured hard magnets are the closest to commercial/industrial application.