Effect of modified fly ash injection on As, Se, and Pb emissions in coal-fired power plant

•Effect of modified fly ash on TEs emissions in a 1000 MW coal-fired power plant.•Modified fly ash has a significant oxidation effect on the TEs, especially As.•Increasing of smaller particle size and active sites may result in more Pb capture.•Approximately 30%~74% of reduction on TEs’ emission in ESP and WFGD by fly ash injection.