Translocation of effector proteins into host cells by Toxoplasma gondii

•Toxoplasma introduces ROP and GRA effectors into host cells to coopt host functions.•ROP effector secretion occurs during invasion via an unknown mechanism.•MYR1-3, ROP17, and ASP5 are required for transit of GRAs across Toxoplasma’s PVM.•Plasmodium employs different machinery (PTEX) to transport GRAs across the PVM.•Translocation of effector proteins into host cells by Toxoplasma gondii.