Medication Overuse and Medication Overuse Headache: Risk Factors, Comorbidities, Associated Burdens and Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment Approaches

Purpose of Review With a worldwide high disease burden, medication overuse headache (MOH) is an endemic and disabling neurological disorder. Because of the limitations of previous study designs, there are still debates and questions regarding the disease’s nature and treatment strategy. This review will discuss the following concepts; (1) recent progress in association between medication overuse (MO) and MOH; (2) the burden, risk factors and comorbidities of MOH; (3) evidence of treatment in patients with MOH. Recent Findings The causal relationship between MO and MOH has not been identified. Currently, the treatment policy is still mainly based on small clinical observations, some with highly specified patients. In addition to withdrawal and preventive treatment, some studies have provided evidence for nonpharmacological treatments. Summary Well-designed studies for specific treatment strategies with enough statistical power are warranted to make more relevant, better clinical decisions.