Supporting pathways to prosperity in forest landscapes – A PRIME framework

•A broad framework (PRIME) can help conceptualize forests' contribution to poverty reduction and guide intervention design.•Pathways include strengthening Productivity, Rights, complementary Investments, Market access and Ecosystem services.•Framework application to the World Bank forestry portfolio suggests synergies among pathways for greater poverty impacts.•Results recommend a broad approach to poverty reduction, coupled with program evaluation and standardized measurement.