Kinase Chemodiversity from the Arctic: design inhibitors based on Breitfussins.

In this work, we demonstrate that the indole-oxazole-pyrrole framework of the breitfussin family of natural products is a promising scaffold for kinase inhibition. Six new halogenated natural products, breitfussin C-H (3 - 8) were isolated and characterized from the Arctic, marine hydrozoan Thuiaria breitfussi. The structures of two of the new natural products were also confirmed by total synthesis. Two of the breitfussins (3 and 4) were found to selectively inhibit the survival of several cancer cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 340 nM measured against the drug-resistant triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468, while leaving the majority of the tested cell lines not or significantly less affected. When tested against panels of protein kinases, 3 gave IC50 and K-d values as low as 200 and 390 nM against the PIM1 and DRAK1 kinases, respectively. The activity was confirmed to be mediated through ATP competitive binding in the ATP binding pocket of the kinases. Furthermore, evaluation of potential off-target and toxicological effects, as well as relevant in vitro ADME parameters for 3 revealed that the breitfussin scaffold holds promise for the development of selective kinase inhibitors.