Microfluidics for the production of nanomedicines: Considerations for polymer and lipid-based systems.

Microfluidics is increasing in interest as a superior technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles, particularly for their use in nanomedicine. In microfluidics, small volumes of liquid reagents are rapidly mixed in a microchannel in a highly controlled manner to form nanoparticles with tunable and reproducible structure that can be tailored for drug delivery. Both polymer and lipid based nanoparticles are utilized in nanomedicine and both are amenable to preparation by microfluidic approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to collect the current state of knowledge on the microfluidic preparation of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications, including descriptions of the main synthesis modalities. Of special interest are the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle formation and the options for surface functionalisation to enhance cellular interactions. The review will conclude with the identification of key considerations for the production of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles using microfluidic approaches.