Effect of nitrogen co-doping with ruthenium on the catalytic performance of Ba/Ru–N-MC catalysts for ammonia synthesis

Nitrogen co-doping with ruthenium mesoporous carbons (Ru-N-MC) was prepared by co-impregnation of sucrose and urea on a RuCl3/SiO2 template followed by a thermal carbonization process. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the Ba/Ru-N-MC catalyst in ammonia synthesis is 0.16 s(-1) under reaction conditions of 400 degrees C, pressure of 10 MPa and space velocity of 10 000 h(-1). The superior catalytic performance of the Ba/Ru-N-MC is proposed to originate from the strong metal-support interaction between Ru nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon support. In addition to the activity, the Ba/Ru-N-MC catalyst exhibits a long-term stability for 35 h without significant deactivation.