Use of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to evaluate species concordance and human relevance of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-induced male reproductive toxicity

•Fetal rats appear more sensitive than other rodents and human fetal xenografts to DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects.•DBP-induced androgen-independent effects are conserved amongst different mammalian models and human fetal testis xenografts.•DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects are conserved in different mammalian species after postnatal life stage exposures.