Characterization of Omni-directional Antennas by Measurement of their Complex Normalized Effective Height

A systematic way is proposed to fully characterize omnidirectional antennas by measuring their complex normalized effective height (CNEH). Usually, antennas are utilized to convert the voltage waves in a waveguide into the vectorial electromagnetic fields in free space and vice versa; however, this conversion relationship cannot be fully expressed with the traditional antenna parameters, e.g., the...