Bulk Properties of the System Formed in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV
STAR Collaboration,Adam J.,Adamczyk L.,Adams J. R.,Adkins J. K.,Agakishiev G.,Aggarwal M. M.,Ahammed Z.,Alekseev I.,Anderson D. M.,Aoyama R.,Aparin A.,Aschenauer E. C.,Ashraf M. U.,Atetalla F. G.,Attri A.,Averichev G. S.,Bairathi V.,Barish K.,Bassill A. J.,Behera A.,Bellwied R.,Bhasin A.,Bhati A. K.,Bielcik J.,Bielcikova J.,Bland L. C.,Bordyuzhin I. G.,Brandenburg J. D.,Brandin A. V.,Bryslawskyj J.,Bunzarov I.,Butterworth J.,Caines H.,Sánchez M. Calderón de la Barca,Cebra D.,Chakaberia I.,Chaloupka P.,Chan B. K.,Chang F-H.,Chang Z.,Chankova-Bunzarova N.,Chatterjee A.,Chattopadhyay S.,Chen J. H.,Chen X.,Cheng J.,Cherney M.,Christie W.,Crawford H. J.,Csanád M.,Das S.,Dedovich T. G.,Deppner I. M.,Derevschikov A. A.,Didenko L.,Dilks C.,Dong X.,Drachenberg J. L.,Dunlop J. C.,Edmonds T.,Elsey N.,Engelage J.,Eppley G.,Esha R.,Esumi S.,Evdokimov O.,Ewigleben J.,Eyser O.,Fatemi R.,Fazio S.,Federic P.,Fedorisin J.,Feng Y.,Filip P.,Finch E.,Fisyak Y.,Fulek L.,Gagliardi C. A.,Galatyuk T.,Geurts F.,Gibson A.,Gopal K.,Grosnick D.,Gupta A.,Guryn W.,Hamad A. I.,Hamed A.,Harris J. W.,He L.,Heppelmann S.,Herrmann N.,Holub L.,Hong Y.,Horvat S.,Huang B.,Huang H. Z.,Huang S. L.,Huang T.,Huang X.,Humanic T. J.,Huo P.,Igo G.,Jacobs W. W.,Jena C.,Jentsch A.,JI Y.,Jia J.,Jiang K.,Jowzaee S.,Ju X.,Judd E. G.,Kabana S.,Kagamaster S.,Kalinkin D.,Kang K.,Kapukchyan D.,Kauder K.,Ke H. W.,Keane D.,Kechechyan A.,Kelsey M.,Khyzhniak Y. V.,Kikoła D. P.,Kim C.,Kinghorn T. A.,Kisel I.,Kisiel A.,Kocan M.,Kochenda L.,Kosarzewski L. K.,Kramarik L.,Kravtsov P.,Krueger K.,Mudiyanselage N. Kulathunga,Kumar L.,Elayavalli R. Kunnawalkam,Kwasizur J. H.,Lacey R.,Landgraf J. M.,Lauret J.,Lebedev A.,Lednicky R.,Lee J. H.,Li C.,Li W.,Li X.,Li Y.,Liang Y.,Licenik R.,Lin T.,Lipiec A.,Lisa M. A.,Liu F.,Liu H.,Liu P.,Liu T.,Liu X.,Liu Y.,Liu Z.,Ljubicic T.,Llope W. J.,Lomnitz M.,Longacre R. S.,Luo S.,Luo X.,Ma G. L.,Ma L.,Ma R.,Ma Y. G.,Magdy N.,Majka R.,Mallick D.,Margetis S.,Markert C.,Matis H. S.,Matonoha O.,Mazer J. A.,Meehan K.,Mei J. C.,Minaev N. G.,Mioduszewski S.,Mishra D.,Mohanty B.,Mondal M. M.,Mooney I.,Moravcova Z.,Morozov D. A.,Nasim Md.,Nayak K.,Nelson J. M.,Nemes D. B.,Nie M.,Nigmatkulov G.,Niida T.,Nogach L. V.,Nonaka T.,Odyniec G.,Ogawa A.,Oh S.,Okorokov V. A.,Page B. S.,Pak R.,Panebratsev Y.,Pawlik B.,Pawlowska D.,Pei H.,Perkins C.,Pintér R. L.,Pluta J.,Porter J.,Posik M.,Pruthi N. K.,Przybycien M.,Putschke J.,Quintero A.,Radhakrishnan S. K.,Ramachandran S.,Ray R. L.,Reed R.,Ritter H. G.,Roberts J. B.,Rogachevskiy O. V.,Romero J. L.,Ruan L.,Rusnak J.,Rusnakova O.,Sahoo N. R.,Sahu P. K.,Salur S.,Sandweiss J.,Schambach J.,Schmidke W. B.,Schmitz N.,Schweid B. R.,Seck F.,Seger J.,Sergeeva M.,Seto R.,Seyboth P.,Shah N.,Shahaliev E.,Shanmuganathan P. V.,Shao M.,Shen F.,Shen W. Q.,Shi S. S.,Shou Q. Y.,Sichtermann E. P.,Siejka S.,Sikora R.,Simko M.,Singh J.,Singha S.,Smirnov D.,Smirnov N.,Solyst W.,Sorensen P.,Spinka H. M.,Srivastava B.,Stanislaus T. D. S.,Stefaniak M.,Stewart D. J.,Strikhanov M.,Stringfellow B.,Suaide A. A. P.,Sugiura T.,Sumbera M.,Summa B.,Sun X. M.,Sun Y.,Surrow B.,Svirida D. N.,Szymanski P.,Tang A. H.,Tang Z.,Taranenko A.,Tarnowsky T.,Thomas J. H.,Timmins A. R.,Tlusty D.,Tokarev M.,Tomkiel C. A.,Trentalange S.,Tribble R. E.,Tribedy P.,Tripathy S. K.,Tsai O. D.,Tu B.,Tu Z.,Ullrich T.,Underwood D. G.,Upsal I.,Van Buren G.,Vanek J.,Vasiliev A. N.,Vassiliev I.,Videbæk F.,Vokal S.,Voloshin S. A.,Wang F.,Wang G.,Wang P.,Wang Y.,Webb J. C.,Wen L.,Westfall G. D.,Wieman H.,Wissink S. W.,Witt R.,Wu Y.,Xiao Z. G.,Xie G.,Xie W.,Xu H.,Xu N.,Xu Q. H.,Xu Y. F.,Xu Z.,Yang C.,Yang Q.,Yang S.,Yang Y.,Yang Z.,Ye Z.,Yi L.,Yip K.,Zbroszczyk H.,Zha W.,Zhang D.,Zhang L.,Zhang S.,Zhang X. P.,Zhang Y.,Zhang Z.,Zhao J.,Zhong C.,Zhou C.,Zhu X.,Zhu Z.,Zurek M.,Zyzak M.
arxiv（2019）
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摘要
We report systematic measurements of bulk properties of the system created in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).The transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$ and $p(\bar{p})$ are studied at mid-rapidity ($|y| < 0.1$) for nine centrality intervals. The centrality, transverse momentum ($p_T$),and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) dependence of inclusive charged particle elliptic flow ($v_2$), and rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow ($v_{1}$) results near mid-rapidity are also presented. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at other energies, and from Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The results at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV show similar behavior as established at other energies and fit well in the energy dependence trend. These results are important as the 14.5 GeV energy fills the gap in $\mu_B$, which is of the order of 100 MeV,between $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ =11.5 and 19.6 GeV. Comparisons of the data with UrQMD and AMPT models show poor agreement in general.
