Thoracolaparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy.

Unlike Europe and America, the rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China is 90% higher (1); also, most of the lesions are located at the middle thoracic part of the esophagus. There has been an increasing number of esophagectomies has been performing by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in China. Patients are staged with an upper endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) chest/abdomen scan with oral and intravenous contrast.