Stress, craving and mood as predictors of early dropout from opioid agonist therapy.

•Electronic diary data effectively identified mental states that predict dropout.•Dropouts reported more hassles and cocaine craving than those who stayed in treatment.•People who dropped out had lower levels of positive mood at the time of dropout.•Recent emotional abuse and psychiatric problems increased the likelihood of dropout.•Dropout rates were higher with buprenorphine than with methadone.