Effects of full-length human amelogenin on the differentiation of dental epithelial cells and osteoblastic cells.

•Differentiation of HAT-7 cells was enhanced by full-length recombinant human amelogenin (rh-AMEL) at high concentration, but not by Emdogain®.•Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was enhanced by rh-AMEL at low concentrations, but was strongly reduced at high concentration.•The effects of Emdogain® on MC3T3-E1 cells were similar to those of rh-AMEL.•The biphasic effect of rh-AMEL on MC3T3-E1 cells may be related to the prevention of ankylosis during the development of tooth roots.