Maternal use of antibiotics and cancer incidence risk in offspring: A population-based cohort study in Manitoba, Canada.

Several epidemiological studies have found an association between maternal antibiotics use during pregnancy and increased risk of certain cancer types, although conclusions differ between studies. We examined this association in a cohort study including 262 116 mother-child pairs of Manitoba births between 1996 and 2013. Maternal antibiotics use during prepregnancy (6 months prior to pregnancy) and pregnancy periods was assessed. Children's cancer incidence was tracked up to the end of the follow-up period (December 2015). We calculated incidence rate and used Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Antibiotics use during pregnancy was not associated with overall cancer (HR = 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.9-1.4), leukemias (1.3, 0.9-1.8), or acute lymphocytic leukemia (1.1, 0.7-1.6). The association between antibiotics use and overall cancer risk differed by trimester: 1.5 (1.1-1.9) in the first, 0.8 (0.6-1.0) in the second, and 1.1 (0.8-1.5) in the third trimester. Further research is necessary to confirm the association between first-trimester exposure and cancer risk after a better controlling of confounding factors.