Electromigration of cell surface macromolecules in DC electric fields during cell polarization and galvanotaxis.

•Physical model describes macromolecule electromigration in plasma membranes.•Steady-state electromigration of tdTomato-GPI is measured, and predicted by model.•Model predicts electromigration for surface proteins involved with galvanotaxis.•Proteomics enables predictions for all proteins on the surface of a migratory cell.•Two proteins required for transepithelial battery electromigrate to opposite poles.