Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems

•We review affective startle modulation anomalies related to psychopathologies.•This review follows the approach of The Research Domain Criteria Initiative.•Most psychopathologies are related to specific changes in startle potentiation/attenuation.•Most psychopathologies showed anomalies in only one motivational system.•The review supports the motivational priming hypothesis.