4 Dimensional waypoint generation for conflict-free trajectory based operation

This paper systematically investigates the safety implications of a new 4-dimensional air traffic management paradigm by quantitatively identifying conditions where conflict-free trajectories can be guaranteed by only using 4-dimensional waypoints. Towards this end, a concept called Trajectory Inclusion is first introduced based on geometry and physics-driven proofs and analysis. Strategies to achieve conflict-free trajectories are then developed and further explained with a leader–follower example. It is found out that the time-based waypoints alone can guarantee conflict-free trajectories if certain initial conditions are satisfied. In general, the results of this paper enhance the understanding of time-based management capabilities, and help formulate better time-based instructions to reduce unnecessary tactical maneuvers and improve the overall performance of the airspace, one of the main promises Trajectory Based Operations (TBO). Specifically, the algorithmic scheme created for the leader–follower example can be applied directly to Flight-deck Interval Management, a future concept of TBO.