Upper atmosphere effects after the entry of small cosmic bodies: Dust trains, plumes, and atmospheric disturbances

In this paper we present the results of numerical modeling of the Chelyabinsk dust train during the first 3 min after the meteoroid entry which are in qualitative agreement with observations. Then we analyze the possibility of plume formation after impacts of small cosmic bodies and make some calculations for the Tunguska event which, unfortunately, cannot be compared directly with observations. We also estimate long-lasting disturbances in the upper atmosphere caused by the plume formation.