Representing Accessibility: Evidence from Vehicle Ownership Choices and Property Valuations in Singapore:

This paper compares the relative performance of different measures of accessibility in relevant models. Specifically, the authors formulated three measures of accessibility: gravity-based accessibility, an aggregate measure of potential; trip-based accessibility, a disaggregate, utility-based measure of the value of travel alternatives; and activity-based accessibility, a theoretically richer disaggregate, utility-based measure of the value of alternative activities (including travel). These accessibility measures were used as explanatory variables in household vehicle ownership models and real estate market price models, comparing the explanatory power of each accessibility measure in each model as expressed by the confidence in the coefficient estimates and captured by the models' goodness-of-fit statistics. It was found that trip-based accessibility best represents preferences for accessibility in both vehicle ownership decisions and property valuations. This supports the theoretical value of disaggregate, utility-based accessibility measures over aggregate, potential-based measures. The fact that trip-based measures perform better than activity-based accessibility measures underscores several empirical and technical limitations. Finally, the authors noted that accurately representing accessibility preferences requires congruence between the granularity of the accessibility measure and that of the explained behavior. This emphasizes the importance of understanding what accessibility measures actually capture and ensuring that they align with the analysis purpose.