Evaluating the environmental impact of the lead species in perovskite solar cells via environmental-fate modeling

In this research, environmental fate modeling (EFM) was studied to evaluate exposed lead-containing compounds in PSCs and their impact on the environment and on humans. Two major accidental situations involving the environment and exposure to compounds were considered plausible scenarios: fire (PbO) and flooding (PbI2). As a result, water systems were deemed the most vulnerable to the toxicity of exposure to lead compounds. In conclusion, the effect of various environmental and human factors should be assessed and safety standards should be established using the most conservative range among various environmental evaluation results.