Post-neoadjuvant strategies in breast cancer: From risk assessment to treatment escalation

•Achieving pCR after neoadjuvant treatment has a strong positive prognostic impact.•Adjuvant therapies are not routinely recommended for patients without pCR after NAT.•The post-neoadjuvant setting is an attractive scenery for adjuvant clinical trials.•Adjuvant capecitabine showed a DFS and OS benefit in patients without pCR after NAT.•TILs, CTC, ctDNA, RCB, and risk scores may be useful for risk-assessment after NAT.