Why are obsolete mobile phones difficult to recycle in China

The boom in the electronic communication industry, globally, has prompted accelerated upgradation of mobile phones, leading to surging volumes of obsolete phones. Electronic waste pollution is extensive in China, which has among the highest volumes of obsolete phones and a negligible collection rate for recycling. Determining the reasons why obsolete phones are difficult to recycle is essential for managing them sustainably and establishing a viable collection system. Accordingly, we assessed temporal variations in Chinese consumers' recycling behaviors through questionnaire-based surveys administered in 2011, 2013, and 2018. Our findings indicated that the pursuit of fashion drastically reduced the average life expectancy of mobile phones from 2.9 years in 2011 to 2.21 years in 2018. Therefore, the government should promote green consumption and strengthen legislation on eco-designed products. Information leakage posed the greatest obstacle to mobile phone recycling, resulting in 30.45% of mobile phones being stored at home. Thus, relevant regulations and processing standards for eliminating private information are imperative. The findings further indicated that consumers have no special preferences regarding collection modes. Moreover, the convenience of recycling facilities is a key factor affecting the recycling of mobile phones. As a national strategy, the government should develop a collection system comprising multiple modes and types of collection operators. Specifically, e-waste recycling should be market driven to promote the industry’s vitality. Importantly, environmental education and information dissemination should be actively promoted as the basis for raising consumers’ awareness and regulating their recycling behavior.