Dopant occupancy and Judd–Ofelt analysis of spectroscopic property of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystal

A series of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown by Czochralski method. The structure of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the increase of [Li]/[Nb] ratio, the intensity of the UV-Vis-NIR absorption peak increases. J-O intensity parameters of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals were calculated using J-O theory. The spectral quality factor X (X = 1.77) of ScYbNd1.38 is higher than other samples in this paper and other Nd-doped crystals reported, which is of great significance for laser materials.