Anti-cancer therapy with TNFα and IFNγ: A comprehensive review.

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) were originally found to be produced by inflammatory cells and play important roles in the immune system and surveillance of tumour growth. By activating distinct signalling pathways of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and JAK/STAT, TNF alpha and IFN gamma were reported to effectively trigger cell death and perform powerful anti-cancer effects. In this review, we will discuss the new advancements of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in anti-cancer therapy.