The widowhood effect–mortality and adverse health effects when losing a spouse in old Age

Introduction Losing oneu0027s spouse is a major life event which is associated to an increased risk of mental health problems as depression and sleep-disorders. There is also an increased risk of adverse effects on physical health, and even an increased risk of mortality. A phenomena called “the widowhood effect” Though this is well-known clinically, few studies have established the extent of the problem in old age. Objectives This study aims to examine the risk of mortality associated to widowhood in old age, and adverse health effects both regarding physical and mental health. Methods A nationwide register-based case control study. All Danish people aged 65 years and above who became widowed in the period of 2000–2010 are included. A background population sample of 4:1 is matched on age and gender. By using the personal identification number a linkage between registers containing information regarding health service use, pharmacologic use and demographic information is made. Mortality is analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimate and the statistical comparison between the groups is done by Cox-regression. Adverse health effects are assessed by the health care use and pharmacological use, and are compared between the two groups by t-test, linear and logistic regression depending on the variables. Results The study is under conduction, results will be presented. Conclusions Widowhood in old age has been associated to an increased risk of mortality and adverse health effects. This study assesses the outcome of this in a nationwide register-based sample.