Thermal behavior and thermo-kinetic studies of 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (1,1-BTO)

Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter and accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) were performed to study the thermal characteristics and kinetics of energetic 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (1,1-BTO). The DSC measurements showed one endothermic peak and one exothermic peak with decomposition occurring at 219.1, 227.2, 234.0 and 244.1 °C at different heating rates (2, 4, 8 and 15 °C min −1 ). The value of critical temperature of thermal explosion ( T b ) and kinetics parameters was calculated, suggesting that 1,1-BTO is stable below the temperature of 175.36 °C. The thermal behavior under adiabatic condition was studied by ARC, depicting that onset temperature was 176.61 °C and the thermal decomposition ended at 215.93 °C, within the time span of 49.04 min. In addition, the thermo-kinetic parameters such as the activation energy E a and pre-exponential factor A under adiabatic condition were also obtained.