An update on the implication of physical activity on semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify whether physical activity may be associated with semen quality, considering the different types of sports, their intensity, and the semen parameters studied in the literature. Methods Eligible studies included those that evaluated the impact of physical activity in semen parameters in human population. Outcomes evaluated included the following seminal quality parameters: volume, concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, total motility, total motile sperm count, morphology, and motile sperm concentration. Results We identified 32 manuscripts that analyzed this effect. Among them, 20 articles examined the role of general physical activity and 17 analyzed this relationship among specific sports. Although most results point to a lack of major effects of physical activity on semen quality, recreational physical activity could have a positive effect on semen concentration or progressive motility. On the contrary, elite physical activity could be detrimental for some semen parameters, such as progressive motility. Regarding specific sports, a negative effect of cycling on semen concentration is suggested. Conclusions In conclusion, recreational physical activity seems to be of benefit for men with infertility issues. However, elite physical activity could have a detrimental effect on semen quality, which should be taken into consideration.