Lp(a) in Childhood

Elevated plasma concentration of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease. There is a causal relationship between Lp(a) elevation and myocardial infarction. In the pediatric population, Lp(a) has been associated with risk for ischemic stroke. However, a consensus regarding the clinical utility of Lp(a) measurement in children has not been established. In this article, we review recent literature regarding Lp(a) metabolism, its role in disease states such as in pediatric thrombosis and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and therapy directed at Lp(a) levels. Our findings show that Lp(a) remains a controversial but emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in children. However, new and important research continues to contribute to our understanding of Lp(a) metabolism in children and to cardiovascular risk in diseases such as FH. What is clear is that Lp(a) has the potential to play a role in the management of cardiovascular risk in children and adults.