CNS penetration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib in non-tumor bearing mice and mice bearing pediatric brain tumors

Purpose Ribociclib, an orally bioavailable small-molecule CDK4/6 inhibitor is currently undergoing evaluation to treat pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, it is crucial that it penetrates the brain and tumor. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to derive a clinically relevant mouse dosage for cerebral microdialysis studies, and to characterize ribociclib CNS penetration in non-tumor bearing mice and in mice bearing DIPGx7 (glioma) cortical allograft tumors. Methods A plasma pharmacokinetic study of ribociclib (100 mg/kg, orally) was performed in CD1 nude mice bearing glioma cortical allografts to obtain initial plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and to derive D-optimal plasma sampling time-points for microdialysis studies. Using a cerebral microdialysis technique, the extracellular fluid (ECF) disposition of ribociclib was evaluated after a single oral ribociclib dose (100 mg/kg) in non-tumor bearing mice and in mice bearing glioma cortical allografts. A one-compartment plasma model with absorption and ECF compartments were fit to plasma and ECF concentration–time data using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach (NONMEM 7.2). Results The mean unbound ribociclib plasma exposure (6812 ng/ml*h) was similar to that observed clinically at recommended dosages in adults. The median ribociclib ECF to plasma partition coefficient ( K p,uu ) in non-tumor bearing and glioma mice was 0.10 and 0.07, respectively, and was not statistically different ( t test, p = 0.19). Conclusions The CNS penetration observed was encouraging enough to move ribociclib forward with preclinical efficacy studies in models of pediatric brain tumors.