Altered expression of the TaRSL2 gene contributed to variation in root hair length during allopolyploid wheat evolution

Main conclusion Altered expression of the TaRSL2 gene was positively correlated with variation in root hair length during allopolyploid wheat evolution, and overexpression of TaRSL2 in Arabidopsis increases root hair length. Root hairs aid nutrient and water uptake and anchor the plant in the soil. Allopolyploid wheats display significant growth vigor in terms of root hair length compared to their diploid progenitors, but little is known about the molecular basis of variation in root hair length during wheat allopolyploidization. Here, we isolated three orthologs of the Arabidopsis root hair gene ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX - LIKE 2 ( AtRSL2 ) in allohexaploid wheat, designated TaRSL2 - 4A , TaRSL2 - 4B and TaRSL2 - 4D . The deduced polypeptides of these three TaRSL2 homoeologous genes shared high similarity, and a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain was present in their C-terminal regions. Notably, the expression of TaRSL2 was positively correlated with root hair length of wheat accessions with different ploidy levels. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of TaRSL2 - 4D in Arabidopsis could increase root hair length. We found that the transcript levels of TaRSL2 homoeologous genes dynamically changed during allopolyploid wheat evolution, implicating the complexity of the underlying molecular mechanism. Collectively, we propose that altered expression of the TaRSL2 gene contributed to variation in root hair length in allopolyploid wheats.