The effect of repeated biopsy on pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) treatment outcome

Purpose To study the outcome of repeated biopsy for pre-implantation genetic testing in case of failed genetic diagnosis in the first biopsy. Methods The study group included 81 cycles where embryos underwent re-biopsy because there were no transferable embryos after the first biopsy: in 55 cycles, the first procedure was polar body biopsy (PBs) and the second cleavage-stage (BB); in 26 cycles, the first was BB and the second trophectoderm (BLAST) biopsy. The control group included 77 cycles where embryos underwent successful genetic diagnosis following the first biopsy, matched by maternal age, egg number, genetic inheritance type, and embryonic stage at the first biopsy. We measured genetic diagnosis rate, clinical pregnancy rates (PRs), live-birth rates (LBRs), gestational age, and birth weight. Results For repeated biopsy, genetic diagnosis was received in 67/81 cycles (82.7%); at a higher rate in PB + BB than in BB + BLAST (49/55, 89.1% and 18/26, 69.2% respectively, p = 0.055). Transferable embryos were found in 47 and 68 cycles in the study and the control groups. PRs/ET were 20/47 (42.6%) and 36/68 (52.9%) ( p = 0.27), 16/36 (44.4%) following PB + BB, and 4/11 (36.4%) following BB + BLAST ( p = 0.74). LBRs/ET were 13/47 (27.7%) in study group, and 28/68 (41.2%) in the controls ( p = 0.14), 10/36 (27.8%) following PB + BB group, and 3/11 (27.3%) following BB + BLAST ( p > 0.99). Gestational age and birth weight were similar in all groups. Conclusions Re-biopsy of embryos when no genetic diagnosis could be reached following the first biopsy, achieved high rates of genetic diagnosis, pregnancies, and live births.