Hepatitis B vaccination: Seroconversion in chronic kidney disease

Seroconversion following hepatitis B vaccination is low in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to assess the seroconversion and persistence of protective immunity following hepatitis B vaccination in children with CKD. This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric nephrology centre to assess the seroconversion and maintenance of antibody titers (> 10 mIU/mL) at one year following hepatitis B vaccination (10 mu g at 0, 1, and 2 months) in children with CKD Stages II to V. Those who did not seroconvert after the schedule were re-vaccinated, and antibody titers were checked. Categorical data were expressed as proportions and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the correlation of antibody titers with other continuous variables. Seroconversion was observed in 72% (n = 26/36) after vaccination. Only 60% (n = 6/10) had seroconversion after the second course of vaccination. Only 60% of children (n = 12/20) who seroconverted had protective antibody titers at one year. Seroconversion following three doses of hepatitis B vaccine is low in children with CKD. Antibody titers should be monitored periodically as the protective immunity wanes rapidly.