A sustainable self-reproducing liposome consisting of a synthetic phospholipid

•A synthesized phospholipid liposome self-reproduced by the addition of membrane precursor in an autocatalytic manner.•A budding deformation was followed by a division of an anionic liposome induced by the membrane lipid precursor.•A membrane of a phospholipid liposome serves as a catalytic surface for the membrane lipid formation in a phosphate buffer.•Amplification of DNA proceeds inside the water phase of a phospholipid liposome through polymerase chain reaction.