Skeletal muscle signaling responses to resistance exercise of the elbow extensors are not compromised by a preceding bout of aerobic exercise.

The current study examined the effects of a preceding bout of aerobic exercise (AE) on subsequent molecular signaling to resistance exercise (RE) of the elbow extensors. Eleven men performed unilateral elbow-extensor AE (similar to 45 min at 70% peak workload) followed by unilateral RE (4 x 7 maximal repetitions) for both arms. Thus, one arm performed AE+RE interspersed with 15 min recovery, whereas the other arm conducted RE alone. Muscle biopsies were taken from the triceps brachii of each arm immediately before (PRE) and 15 min (POST1) and 3 h (POST2) after RE. Molecular markers involved in translation initiation, protein breakdown, mechanosignaling, and ribosome biogenesis were analyzed. Peak power during RE was reduced by 24% (+/- 19%) when preceded by AE (P < 0.05). Increases in PGC1a and MuRF1 expression were greater from PRE to POST2 in AE+RE compared with RE (18- vs. 3.5- and 4-vs. 2-fold, respectively, interaction, P < 0.05). Myostatin mRNA decreased in both arms (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr(172)) increased (2.5-fold), and 4E-BP1 (Thr(37/46)) decreased (2.0-fold), after AE (interactions, P < 0.05). p70 S6K, yes-associated protein, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation were unaltered, whereas focal adhesion kinase decreased similar to 1.5-fold, and beta(1)-integrin increased similar to 1.3- to 1.5-fold, (time effect, P < 0.05). Abundance of 45S pre-ribosomal (r) RNA (internally transcribed spacer, ITS) decreased (similar to 30%) after AE (interaction, P < 0.05), whereas CMYC mRNA was greater in AE+RE compared with RE (12-fold, P < 0.05). POLR1B abundance increased after both AE+RE and RE. All together, our results suggest that a single bout of AE leads to an immediate decrease in signaling for translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis. Yet, this did not translate into altered RE-induced signaling during the 3-h postexercise recovery period.